c++常成员函数，常对象

c++中可以将对象，成员函数用const修饰为常对象，常成员函数

常对象就是它的值初始化后不能改变值，常成员函数就是这个函数只能读取对象的值，不能修改对象的值。

如果普通成员函数和常成员函数同名，那么这个常用函数只能在常对象中被调用，如果没有同名可以直接调用常成员函数

#include <iostream>


using namespace std;
class Coordinate{
public:
    Coordinate(int x,int y){
        this->m_iX = x;
        this->m_iY = y;
    }
public:
    int m_iX;
    int m_iY;
};
class Line{
public:
    Line(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2):m_coorA(x1,y1),m_coorB(x2,y2){};
    void printInfo(){  //普通成员函数  与下面函数重载
        cout<<printInfo()<<endl;
        cout << m_coorA.m_iX << "," <<m_coorA.m_iY<<endl;
        cout << m_coorB.m_iX << ","<<m_coorB.m_iY<<endl;
    }
    void printInfo() const{ //常成员函数 与上面的函数重载
        cout<<"printInfo() const"<<endl;
        cout<< m_coorA.m_iX <<","<<m_coorA.m_iY<<endl;
        cout<<m_coorB.m_iX<<","<<m_coorB.m_iY<<endl;
    }
    void printI() const{ //常成员函数

        cout<<"printI() const"<<endl;
        cout <<m_coorA.m_iX <<","<<m_coorA.m_iY<<endl;
        cout<<m_coorB.m_iX <<","<<m_coorB.m_iY<<endl;
    }
private:
    const Coordinate m_coorA;
    const Coordinate m_coorB;
};
int main()
{
    Line line(1,2,3,4);
    line.printInfo();//调用普通成员函数
    line.printI();//调用常成员函数

const Line line1(1,2,3,4);
line1.printInfo();//调用常成员函数
line1.printI();//调用常采用函数
return 0;


}

printInfo()
1,2
3,4
printI() const
1,2
3,4
printInfo() const
1,2
3,4
printI() const
1,2
3,4

1. 常对象只能调用常成员函数，不能调用普通成员函数
2. 普通对象能够调用常成员函数，也能够调用普通成员函数
3. 常指针和常引用都只能调用对象的常成员函数。
4. 对象引用和对象常引用都是对象的别名，一个对象可以有多个对象常引用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Coordinate{
public:
    Coordinate(int x,int y){
        this->m_iX = x;
        this->m_iY = y;
    }
public:
    int m_iX;
    int m_iY;
};
class Line{
public:
    Line(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2):m_coorA(x1,y1),m_coorB(x2,y2){};
    void printInfo(){
        cout<<"printInfo()"<<endl;
        cout << m_coorA.m_iX << "," <<m_coorA.m_iY<<endl;
        cout << m_coorB.m_iX << "," <<m_coorB.m_iY<<endl;
    }
      void printInfo() const{
        cout<<"printInfo() const"<<endl;
        cout << m_coorA.m_iX << "," <<m_coorA.m_iY<<endl;
        cout << m_coorB.m_iX << "," <<m_coorB.m_iY<<endl;
    }
    void printI(){
        cout <<"printI()" <<endl;
        cout << m_coorA.m_iX << "," <<m_coorA.m_iY<<endl;
        cout << m_coorB.m_iX << "," <<m_coorB.m_iY<<endl;
    }
private:
    const Coordinate m_coorA;
    const Coordinate m_coorB;
};
int main()
{
    Line line(1,2,3,4);
    const Line& line1 = line;
    const Line* line2 = &line;
    line1.printInfo();
    line1.printI(); // 错误 不能调用普通成员函数


line2-&gt;printInfo();
line2-&gt;printI();// 错误 不能调用普通成员函数
return 0;


}